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GROWING GUIDE
2026-2027
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE 04 PAGE 06 PAGE 12 PAGE 14 PAGE 18
Flowering Sequence Chart
A-Z Quick Reference Chart
Propagation Guide
TRIAL SITES Our trial sites in North America are chosen by
Finishing Guide
1. Cahill Family Greenhouses; Saint James, MO 2. Ball Seed; West Chicago, IL 3. DeGoede Brothers, LLC; Sumner, WA 4. George Sants & Sons, LTD; Kleinburg, Ontario 5. Lou Davino Jr. Greenhouse; Millstone, NJ 6. Mast Young Plants; Grand Rapids, MI 7. Youngs Plant Farm; Auburn, AL 8. Metrolina Greenhouses; Huntersville, NC region to better evaluate the performance of our products before selection. We base our decisions on propagation and rooting evaluations, and Natural Season and Black Cloth shaded production trials, so you can be confident that you are getting the best-performing varieties for your region.
Black Cloth
1. Ball Tagawa Growers; Arroyo Grande, CA 2. D.S. Cole Growers; Loudon, NH 3. Dickman Farms; Auburn, NY 4. Greenstreet Growers, Inc.;Lothian, MD 5. Keepsake Plants; Alva, FL 6. Knox Horticulture; Winter Garden, FL 7. Kube-Pak; Allentown, NJ 8. Lucas Greenhouses; Monroeville, NJ America to provide you with the highest‑quality rooted mum cuttings. ROOTING STATIONS Your Ball Seed Sales Rep works with the most reliable suppliers in North
9. Mast Young Plants; Grand Rapids, MI 10. Plantpeddler, Inc.; Cresco, IA 11. Raker-Roberta’s Young Plants; Litchfield, MI 12. Van de Wetering Greenhouses, Inc.; Jamesport, NY 13. Tagawa Greenhouses; Brighton, CO 14. Genesis Plant Propagation Ltd.; Langley, BC 15. George Sant & Sons; Kleinburg, ON 16. Linwell Gardens Ltd.; Beamsville, ON
17. Supplied from Alva, FL UNROOTED CUTTINGS
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3
Natural Season Garden Mums Flowering Sequence
VERY EARLY < Sept 9
EARLY Sept 10-18
MID-SEASON Sept 19-26
flower date
flower date
flower date
color
variety
form vigor
variety
form vigor
variety
form
vigor
Astral White
Decorative Medium/Short 9/06
Aspen White Bridal White
Decorative Medium 9/12 Decorative Medium/Tall 9/15
Starburst White Celestial White
Decorative Medium/Short 9/20
Decorative
Medium 9/20
Moonglow White Decorative Medium 9/15
NEW Cyclone White
Decorative Medium/Short 9/23
Tribeca White
Decorative Decorative Decorative Decorative Decorative Decorative
Medium 9/23 Medium 9/24 Medium 9/25 Medium 9/26 Medium 9/19 Medium 9/21
White
NEW Axios White
Paperwhite
Carousel White
Buttercup Yellow Katelli Yellow Kizzmet Golden Yellow Moonglow Yellow
Decorative Medium 9/13 Decorative Medium 9/13
Sunrise Yellow
Decorative Medium 9/07
Honeyblush Yellow
Tribeca Yellow
Decorative Medium 9/17
Stellar Yellow
Decorative
Medium 9/22
Decorative Medium 9/17 NEW Cyclone Golden Yellow Decorative Medium/Short 9/23 NEW Cyclone Yellow Decorative Medium/Short 9/23 Sizzling Fire Yellow Decorative Medium 9/23 NEW Axios Yellow Decorative Medium 9/24 Cracklin Golden Yellow Duplex Medium/Short 9/24 Zinger Yellow Decorative Medium 9/24
Yellow/ Gold
Stellar Pink
Decorative
Medium 9/21
Misty Lilac Pink
Decorative Medium 9/18
Tribeca Pink
Decorative Medium/Tall
9/21
NEW Cyclone Light Pink
Decorative Medium/Short 9/23 Decorative Medium/Short 9/23
NEW Cyclone Pink
Flamingo Pineapple Pink Decorative
Medium 9/23 Medium 9/24 Medium 9/24 Medium 9/25 Medium 9/25 Medium 9/26
Pink/ Lavender/ Peach
NEW Axios Light Pink
Decorative Decorative Decorative
NEW Axios Pink Flamingo Pink
Flamingo Neon Pink
Decorative
Carousel Blushing Salmon Decorative
Carousel Pink
Decorative
Medium 9/26
Pink Frenzy
Decorative Medium/Tall
9/26
Stellar Purple
Decorative
Medium 9/20
Tribeca Dark Pink NEW Axios Purple Gypsy Rose Purple
Decorative Decorative Decorative
Medium 9/23 Medium 9/24 Medium 9/24
Purple/ Dark Pink
Poppin Purple
Decorative
Medium 9/24
NEW Katelli Bronze Improved Hot Spot Bronze
Autumn Envy Bronze Decorative
Short
9/08
Decorative Short
9/15 Sweet Potato Pie Bronze Decorative
Medium 9/21
Decorative Medium 9/18
Fireglow Bronze
Decorative
Medium 9/23
Kickin’ Spicy Orange Decorative Medium/Tall 9/15 Trickster Golden Bronze
Decorative
Medium 9/23
Butternut Golden Bronze
Decorative Medium/Tall
9/26 9/21
Perfectly Orange
Decorative
Short
Bronze/ Orange
Tribeca Amber Orange
Decorative
Medium 9/21
NEW Axios Orange
Decorative
Medium 9/24
Zuma Orange
Decorative
Medium 9/22
Fire Halo Orange
Decorative Medium/Tall
9/24
Orange Zest
Decorative
Medium 9/25 Medium 9/25 Medium 9/26
NEW Petite Orange Improved Decorative
Carousel Glimmer Orange
Decorative Decorative Decorative
Five Alarm Red
Decorative Medium 9/11
Stellar Red Red Hots
Short
9/19
Cranbury Red Decorative Medium 9/17
Medium 9/23
Red / Coral
NEW Axios Coral
Decorative
Medium 9/24
Radiant Red
Decorative Decorative
Tall
9/25
Flamingo Cranberry
Medium 9/25
4
Top Performers in bold.
Grower Ship Date (left) is approximately 7-10 days earlier than Flowering Date. Flowering Date = 30-50% open flowers
LATE Sept 27-Oct 4
EARLY SEASON EXTENDER Oct 5-12
LATE SEASON EXTENDER Oct 13+
flower date
flower date
flower date
color
variety
form vigor
variety
form vigor
variety
form vigor
Morgana White
Decorative Medium/Short 10/07 Avalon Crème White Decorative Medium 10/19
Butter N’ Cream White Decorative Medium 9/29
Paradiso White Decorative Medium/Short
9/30
Dove White
Decorative Medium
10/11 Milkshake Coconut White Decorative Medium 10/21
Alpine White
Decorative Medium 10/12
White
Sweet Honey Yellow Decorative Medium 9/28
Morgana Yellow
Decorative Medium/Short 10/08 Avalon Golden Yellow Decorative Medium/Short 10/15
Destiny Yellow
Duplex
Medium
9/29
Cosmic Solar Yellow Decorative Medium 10/09
Sunny Day Yellow Decorative Medium 10/16
Sundance Yellow
Decorative Medium
9/30 Gold Riot Yellow
Decorative Medium 10/09 Avalon Sunny Yellow Decorative Medium
10/19
Paradiso Yellow
Decorative Medium/Short
9/30
Decorative Medium 10/09 Milkshake Banana Yellow Decorative Medium 10/21
Yellow Tang
Yellow/ Gold
Gold Cup
Decorative
Short
10/02
Dove Yellow Decorative Medium 10/11
Amphion Lavender Purple Paradiso Pink
Daisy
Medium
9/27
Pop Eye Pink
Decorative Medium 10/06
Avalon Pink
Decorative Medium/Short 10/16
Decorative Medium/Short
9/30
Milkshake Berry Pink Decorative Medium 10/21
Jazzberry Pink
Decorative Medium 10/07 Decorative Medium 10/09 Decorative Medium 10/09
Cosmic Lunar Pink
Skye Pink
Decorative
Short
9/30
Morgana Pink
Pink/ Lavender
Grapeberry Neon Purple
Prism Purple
Decorative Medium
9/28
Decorative Medium 10/06
Avalon Purple
Decorative Medium/Short 10/16
9/30 Cosmic Galaxy Purple Decorative Medium 10/09 Milkshake Cherry Purple Decorative Medium 10/21
Plumberry Purple Wicked Purple Paintbox Purple
Decorative Medium Decorative Medium Decorative Medium/Short Decorative Medium
Purple/ Dark Pink
Majesty Purple Decorative Medium 10/09 Morgana Purple Decorative Medium/Short 10/09
9/30 10/2 10/4
Venus Purple
Cosmic Meteor Bronze Pop Eye Orange
Decorative Medium 10/09 Milkshake Kiwi Bronze Decorative Medium 10/21
Copper Coin Bronze Decorative Medium 9/30
Paradiso Bronze Decorative Medium/Short
9/30
Decorative Medium 10/06
Avalon Orange Milkshake Papaya Orange
Decorative Medium/Short 10/16 Decorative Medium 10/21
Hot Sugar Gold Bronze Decorative Medium
9/30
Orange Helios
Decorative Medium/Tall
10/07
Metrona Bronze Decorative Medium 10/01 Morgana Orange Decorative Medium 10/08 Autumn Glow Bronze Decorative Medium 10/02 Pumpkin Pie Orange Decorative Medium 10/09 Sunset Orange Decorative Medium 9/27 Spicy Pumpkin Orange Decorative Medium 10/09 Mumosa Orange Decorative Medium 9/28 Blazing Orange Decorative Medium 10/12
Bronze/ Orange
Eternal Red Avalon Red
Decorative Medium/Short 10/14 Decorative Medium/Short 10/15
Red Ryder Roaring Red
Decorative Medium Decorative Medium
9/28 Mumma Mia Red Decorative Medium/Tall
10/05
9/29
Morgana Red
Decorative Medium 10/08
Milkshake Strawberry Red
Maverick Red
Decorative Medium/Tall
10/04
Cosmic Fireball Red Decorative Medium 10/09
Decorative Medium 10/21
Red
Majesty Red
Decorative Medium 10/09
5
Order at ballseed.com/webtrack • 800 879-BALL • fax 800 234-0370
Ball Garden Mums A-Z Quick Reference
FLOWER DATE (NORTH)
FLOWER DATE (SOUTH)
HEAT TOLERANCE TX/FL
FLOWERING FORM
GROWTH HABIT
TOP PERFORMER
PACIFIC NW
VARIETY
COLOR
VIGOR
TIMING
White Decorative European
Medium Very Late -ESE N: 10/12 S: 10/14
ALPINE WHITE
●
●
Pink
Daisy
European
Medium Medium
Late Early
N: 9/27 S: 9/27 N: 9/12 S: 9/23 N: 9/06 S: 9/06 N: 9/08 S: 9/13
AMPHION LAVENDER PURPLE
●
●
White Decorative Mounded
ASPEN WHITE
●
●
White Decorative Mounded Medium/Short
Very Early Very Early
ASTRAL WHITE
●
Bronze Decorative Mounded
Short
AUTUMN ENVY BRONZE
●
Bronze Decorative Mounded
Medium
Late
N: 10/02 S: 10/05
AUTUMN GLOW BRONZE
●
●
White Decorative Mounded
Medium Very Late-ESE N: 10/19 S: 10/21
AVALON CRÈME WHITE
●
●
Yellow Decorative Mounded Medium/Short Orange Decorative Mounded Medium/Short
Very Late-ESE N: 10/15 S: 10/21 Very Late-ESE N: 10/16 S: 10/21 Very Late-ESE N: 10/16 S: 10/21 Very Late-ESE N: 10/16 S: 10/21 Very Late-ESE N: 10/15 S: 10/21
AVALON GOLDEN YELLOW
●
●
AVALON ORANGE
●
●
●
Pink
Decorative Mounded Medium/Short
AVALON PINK
●
●
●
Purple Decorative Mounded Medium/Short Red Decorative Mounded Medium/Short
AVALON PURPLE
●
●
●
AVALON RED
●
Yellow Decorative Mounded
Medium Very Late-ESE N: 10/19 S: 10/21
AVALON SUNNY YELLOW
●
●
●
Coral
Decorative European
Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium
Mid Mid Mid Mid Mid Mid Mid
N: 9/24 S: 9/29 N: 9/24 S: 9/29 N: 9/24 S: 9/29 N: 9/24 S: 9/29 N: 9/24 S: 9/29 N: 9/24 S: 9/29 N: 9/24 S: 9/29
AXIOS CORAL
●
●
Light Pink Decorative European Orange Decorative European
AXIOS LIGHT PINK
●
●
AXIOS ORANGE
●
●
Pink
Decorative European
AXIOS PINK
●
●
Purple Decorative European White Decorative European Yellow Decorative European Orange Decorative Mounded
AXIOS PURPLE
●
●
AXIOS WHITE
●
●
AXIOS YELLOW
●
●
Medium Very Late-ESE N: 10/12 S: 10/12
BLAZING ORANGE
●
●
●
White Decorative European Medium/Tall
Early Late Early
N: 9/15 S: 9/26 N: 9/29 S: 10/02 N: 9/13 S: 9/18 N: 9/26 S: 9/26
BRIDAL WHITE
●
●
White Decorative European Yellow Decorative European
Medium Medium
BUTTER N' CREAM WHITE
●
●
●
BUTTERCUP YELLOW
●
Bronze Decorative European Medium/Tall
Mid
BUTTERNUT GOLDEN BRONZE
●
CAROUSEL BLUSHING SALMON
Salmon Decorative Mounded
Medium
Mid
N: 9/26 S: 9/30
●
●
Orange Decorative Mounded
Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium
Mid Mid Mid Mid Late
N: 9/26 S: 9/30 N: 9/26 S: 9/30 N: 9/26 S: 9/30 N: 9/20 S: 9/26 N: 9/30 S: 10/03
CAROUSEL GLIMMER ORANGE
●
●
Pink
Decorative Mounded
CAROUSEL PINK
●
●
●
White Decorative Mounded White Decorative European Bronze Decorative European Red Decorative European Purple Decorative European
CAROUSEL WHITE
●
●
CELESTIAL WHITE
●
●
COPPER COIN BRONZE
●
●
●
Medium Very Late-ESE N: 10/09 S: 10/09 Medium Very Late-ESE N: 10/09 S: 10/09 Medium Very Late-ESE N: 10/09 S: 10/09 Medium Very Late-ESE N: 10/09 S: 10/09 Medium Very Late-ESE N: 10/09 S: 10/09
COSMIC FIREBALL RED
●
●
COSMIC GALAXY PURPLE
●
●
Pink
Decorative European
COSMIC LUNAR PINK
●
●
Bronze Decorative European Yellow Decorative European
COSMIC METEOR BRONZE
●
●
COSMIC SOLAR YELLOW
●
●
Yellow Duplex
Mounded Medium/Short
Mid
N: 9/24 S: 9/24 N: 9/17 S: 10/01 N: 9/23 S: 9/26 N: 9/23 S: 9/26 N: 9/23 S: 9/26 N: 9/23 S: 9/26 N: 9/23 S: 9/26 N: 9/29 S: 10/02
CRACKLIN GOLDEN YELLOW
●
●
Red Decorative Mounded
Medium
Early Mid Mid Mid Mid Mid Late
CRANBURY RED
●
Yellow Decorative Mounded Medium/Short Light Pink Decorative Mounded Medium/Short
CYCLONE GOLDEN YELLOW
●
●
CYCLONE LIGHT PINK
●
●
Pink
Decorative Mounded Medium/Short
CYCLONE PINK
●
●
White Decorative Mounded Medium/Short Yellow Decorative Mounded Medium/Short
CYCLONE WHITE
●
●
CYCLONE YELLOW
●
●
Yellow Duplex
Mounded
Medium
DESTINY YELLOW
●
●
White Decorative European
Medium Very Late-ESE N: 10/11 S: 10/19
DOVE WHITE
●
●
6
ESE: Early Season Extender LSE: Late Season Extender
l - suggested l - highly recommended
BLACK CLOTH
COASTAL CA
MIXED COMBOS
1/2 BUSHEL
HANGING BASKETS
SPRING FLOWERING
LANDSCAPE
4” 6” 8” 10” 12”
Response (Wks) Recommend 4”
6”
8” 10” 12” 1/2 Bushel Hanging Baskets
7 Wk 6 Wk 6 Wk 7 Wk 6 Wk
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7 Wk
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8 Wk 8 Wk 8 Wk 8 Wk 8 Wk 8 Wk 8 Wk 7 Wk 7 Wk 7 Wk 7 Wk 7 Wk 7 Wk 7 Wk 7 Wk 6 Wk 8 Wk 7 Wk 7 Wk
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NO
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7 Wk
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7 Wk 7 Wk 7 Wk 6 Wk 7 Wk 7 Wk 7 Wk 7 Wk 7 Wk 7 Wk 7 Wk 7 Wk
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NO NO NO NO NO
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6.5 Wk 6.5 Wk 6.5 Wk 6.5 Wk 6.5 Wk
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7 Wk 8 Wk
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7
Order at ballseed.com/webtrack • 800 879-BALL • fax 800 234-0370
Ball Garden Mums A-Z Quick Reference cont.
FLOWER DATE (NORTH)
FLOWER DATE (SOUTH)
HEAT TOLERANCE TX/FL
FLOWERING FORM
GROWTH HABIT
TOP PERFORMER
PACIFIC NW
VARIETY
COLOR
VIGOR
TIMING
Yellow Decorative European
Medium Very Late-ESE N: 10/11 S: 10/19
DOVE YELLOW
●
●
Red Decorative Mounded Medium/Short Orange Decorative Mounded Medium/Tall
Very Late-LSE N: 10/14 S: 10/14
ETERNAL RED
●
Mid Mid
N: 9/24 S: 9/30 N: 9/23 S: 9/29 N: 9/11 S: 9/15 N: 9/25 S: 9/28 N: 9/25 S: 9/28 N: 9/23 S: 9/25 N: 9/25 S: 9/28 N: 10/02 S: 10/12
FIRE HALO ORANGE
●
●
Bronze Decorative European Red Decorative Mounded Red Decorative European
Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium
FIREGLOW BRONZE
●
●
●
Early Mid Mid Mid Mid Late
FIVE ALARM RED
●
●
FLAMINGO CRANBERRY RED
●
Pink Pink Pink
Decorative European Decorative European Decorative European
FLAMINGO NEON PINK
●
●
●
FLAMINGO PINEAPPLE PINK
●
FLAMINGO PINK
●
●
Yellow Decorative European Yellow Decorative European Purple Decorative European Purple Decorative European Yellow Decorative European Bronze Decorative Mounded Bronze Decorative Mounded
Short
GOLD CUP YELLOW
●
Medium Very Late-ESE N: 10/09 S: 10/13 Medium Very Late-ESE N: 10/06 S: 10/10
GOLD RIOT YELLOW
●
●
GRAPEBERRY NEON PURPLE
●
●
Medium Medium Medium Medium
Mid Mid
N: 9/24 S: 9/27 N: 9/19 S: 9/24 N: 9/18 S: 9/26 N: 9/30 S: 9/30
GYPSY ROSE PURPLE
●
HONEYBLUSH YELLOW
●
●
●
Early Late
HOT SPOT BRONZE
HOT SUGAR GOLD BRONZE
Pink
Decorative European
Medium Very Late-ESE N: 10/07 S: 10/07
JAZZBERRY PINK
●
●
Bronze Decorative European Yellow Decorative European
Short
Early Early Early Early
N: 9/15 S: 9/16 N: 9/13 S: 9/13 N: 9/15 S: 9/24 N: 9/17 S: 9/27
KATELLI BRONZE IMPROVED
●
●
Medium
KATELLI YELLOW
●
●
Orange Decorative Mounded Medium/Tall
KICKIN' SPICY ORANGE
●
●
Yellow Decorative European Purple Decorative European Red Decorative European
Medium
KIZZMET GOLDEN YELLOW
Medium Very Late-ESE N: 10/09 S: 10/11 Medium Very Late-ESE N: 10/09 S: 10/11
MAJESTY PURPLE
●
●
MAJESTY RED
●
●
Red Decorative Mounded Medium/Tall
Late
N: 10/04 S: 10/10
MAVERICK RED
●
●
Bronze/ Gold
Decorative Mounded
Medium
Late
N: 10/01 S: 10/01
METRONA BRONZE
●
●
Yellow Decorative Mounded
Medium Very Late-LSE N: 10/21 S: 10/25 Medium Very Late-LSE N: 10/21 S: 10/25 Medium Very Late-LSE N: 10/21 S: 10/25 Medium Very Late-LSE N: 10/21 S: 10/25 Medium Very Late-LSE N: 10/21 S: 10/25 Medium Very Late-LSE N: 10/21 S: 10/25
MILKSHAKE BANANA YELLOW
●
●
Pink
Decorative Mounded
MILKSHAKE BERRY PINK
●
●
Purple Decorative Mounded White Decorative Mounded Bronze Decorative Mounded Orange Decorative Mounded
MILKSHAKE CHERRY PURPLE
●
●
MILKSHAKE COCONUT WHITE
●
●
MILKSHAKE KIWI BRONZE
●
●
MILKSHAKE PAPAYA ORANGE
●
●
MILKSHAKE STRAWBERRY RED
Red Decorative Mounded
Medium Very Late-LSE N: 10/21 S: 10/25
●
●
Pink
Decorative Mounded
Medium Medium Medium
Early Early Early
N: 9/18 S: 9/26 N: 9/15 S: 9/26 N: 9/17 S: 9/26
MISTY LILAC PINK
●
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MOONGLOW WHITE
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MOONGLOW YELLOW
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Medium Very Late-ESE N: 10/08 S: 10/19 Medium Very Late-ESE N: 10/09 S: 10/19
MORGANA ORANGE
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Pink
Decorative Mounded
MORGANA PINK
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Very Late-ESE N: 10/09 S: 10/19
MORGANA PURPLE
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Red Decorative Mounded
Medium Very Late-ESE N: 10/08 S: 10/19
MORGANA RED
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White Decorative Mounded Medium/Short Yellow Decorative Mounded Medium/Short Red Decorative European Medium/Tall
Very Late-ESE N: 10/07 S: 10/19 Very Late-ESE N: 10/08 S: 10/19 Very Late-ESE N: 10/05 S: 10/10
MORGANA WHITE
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MORGANA YELLOW
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MUMMA MIA RED
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Orange Decorative European
Medium
Late
N: 9/28 S: 10/04
MUMOSA ORANGE
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Orange Decorative Mounded Medium/Tall
Very Late-ESE N: 10/07 S: 10/07
ORANGE HELIOS
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8
ESE: Early Season Extender LSE: Late Season Extender
l - suggested l - highly recommended
BLACK CLOTH
COASTAL CA
MIXED COMBOS
1/2 BUSHEL
HANGING BASKETS
SPRING FLOWERING
LANDSCAPE
4” 6” 8” 10” 12”
Response (Wks) Recommend 4”
6”
8” 10” 12” 1/2 Bushel Hanging Baskets
7 Wk 8 Wk 7 Wk 8 Wk 6 Wk 8 Wk 8 Wk 8 Wk 8 Wk 7 Wk 8 Wk 7 Wk 8 Wk 7 Wk 7 Wk 8 Wk 7 Wk 6 Wk 6 Wk 7 Wk 8 Wk 7 Wk 7 Wk 7 Wk
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9 Wk 9 Wk 9 Wk 9 Wk 9 Wk 9 Wk
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9
Order at ballseed.com/webtrack • 800 879-BALL • fax 800 234-0370
Ball Garden Mums A-Z Quick Reference cont.
FLOWER DATE (NORTH)
FLOWER DATE (SOUTH)
HEAT TOLERANCE TX/FL
FLOWERING FORM
GROWTH HABIT
TOP PERFORMER
PACIFIC NW
VARIETY
COLOR
VIGOR
TIMING
Orange Decorative Mounded
Medium
Mid Late Mid Late Late Late Late Mid Mid Mid Late
N: 9/25 S: 10/03 N: 10/02 S: 10/07 N: 9/25 S: 9/25 N: 9/30 S: 10/10 N: 9/30 S: 10/10 N: 9/30 S: 10/10 N: 9/30 S: 10/10 N: 9/21 S: 9/26 N: 9/25 S: 9/30 N: 9/26 S: 9/25 N: 9/30 S: 10/12
ORANGE ZEST
●
Purple Decorative Mounded Medium/Short
PAINTBOX PURPLE
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White Decorative Mounded
Medium
PAPERWHITE
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●
Bronze Decorative European Medium/Short
PARADISO BRONZE
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Pink
Decorative European Medium/Short
PARADISO PINK
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White Decorative European Medium/Short Yellow Decorative European Medium/Short
PARADISO WHITE
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●
PARADISO YELLOW
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Orange Decorative Mounded
Short
PERFECTLY ORANGE
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●
Orange
Duplex
European
Medium
PETITE ORANGE IMPROVED
●
●
Pink
Decorative Mounded Medium/Tall
PINK FRENZY
●
Purple Decorative Mounded
Medium
PLUMBERRY PURPLE
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Orange
Duplex Duplex Duplex
Mounded Mounded European
Medium Very Late-ESE N: 10/06 S: 10/11 Medium Very Late-ESE N: 10/06 S: 10/11
POP EYE ORANGE
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Pink
POP EYE PINK
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Purple
Medium Medium
Mid Late
N: 9/24 S: 9/29 N: 9/28 S: 10/03
POPPIN PURPLE
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●
Purple Decorative European Orange Decorative European
PRISM PURPLE
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Medium Very Late-ESE N: 10/09 S: 10/11
PUMPKIN PIE ORANGE
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Red Decorative European Medium/Tall
Mid Mid Late Late Mid Late
N: 9/25 S: 10/04 N: 9/23 S: 10/08 N: 9/28 S: 10/07 N: 9/29 S: 10/04 N: 9/23 S: 9/30 N: 9/30 S: 10/04
RADIANT RED
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Red Decorative Mounded Red Decorative European Red Decorative Mounded Yellow Decorative Mounded
Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium
RED HOTS
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RED RYDER
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ROARING RED
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SIZZLING FIRE YELLOW
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Pink
Decorative European
SKYE PINK
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Orange Decorative Mounded
Medium Very Late-LSE N: 10/09 S: 10/09
SPICY PUMPKIN ORANGE
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White Decorative European Medium/Short
Mid Mid Mid Mid Mid Late
N: 9/20 S: 10/01 N: 9/21 S: 9/30 N: 9/20 S: 9/30 N: 9/19 S: 9/28 N: 9/22 S: 9/29 N: 9/30 S: 10/11
STARBURST WHITE
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Decorative European
Medium Medium
STELLAR PINK
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Purple Decorative European Red Decorative European Yellow Decorative European Yellow Decorative European Yellow Decorative European Yellow Decorative Mounded Orange Decorative European
STELLAR PURPLE
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Short
STELLAR RED
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Medium Medium
STELLAR YELLOW
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SUNDANCE YELLOW
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Medium Very Late-LSE N: 10/16 S: 10/16
SUNNY DAY YELLOW
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Medium Very Early
N: 9/07 S: 9/06 N: 9/27 S: 9/26
SUNRISE YELLOW
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Medium
Late
SUNSET ORANGE
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Golden Yellow
Decorative European
Medium
Late
N: 9/28 S: 10/07
SWEET HONEY YELLOW
Bronze Decorative Mounded Orange Decorative Mounded
Medium Medium Medium
Mid Mid Mid Mid Mid Mid Mid Late Late
N: 9/21 S: 9/21 N: 9/21 S: 9/28 N: 9/23 S: 9/30 N: 9/21 S: 9/28 N: 9/23 S: 9/28 N: 9/21 S: 9/30 N: 9/23 S: 10/04 N: 10/04 S: 10/18 N: 9/30 S: 10/04
SWEET POTATO PIE BRONZE
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Pink Pink
Decorative Mounded
TRIBECA DARK PINK
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TRIBECA PINK
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White Decorative Mounded Yellow Decorative Mounded Bronze Decorative Mounded Purple Decorative European Purple Decorative Mounded Yellow Decorative European Yellow Decorative Mounded Orange Decorative European
Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium
TRIBECA WHITE
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TRIBECA YELLOW
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TRICKSTER GOLDEN BRONZE
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VENUS PURPLE
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WICKED PURPLE
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Medium Very Late-ESE N: 10/09 S: 10/22
YELLOW TANG
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Medium Medium
Mid Mid
N: 9/24 S: 9/27 N: 9/22 S: 9/26
ZINGER YELLOW
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ZUMA ORANGE
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10
ESE: Early Season Extender LSE: Late Season Extender
l - suggested l - highly recommended
BLACK CLOTH
COASTAL CA
MIXED COMBOS
1/2 BUSHEL
HANGING BASKETS
SPRING FLOWERING
LANDSCAPE
4” 6” 8” 10” 12”
Response (Wks) Recommend 4”
6”
8” 10” 12” 1/2 Bushel Hanging Baskets
8 Wk 7 Wk 7 Wk 7 Wk 7 Wk 7 Wk 7 Wk 7 Wk 7 Wk 7 Wk 7 Wk 8 Wk 8 Wk 7 Wk 8 Wk 7 Wk 7 Wk 7 Wk 8 Wk 8 Wk 7 Wk 7 Wk 7 Wk 7 Wk 7 Wk 7 Wk 7 Wk 7 Wk 8 Wk 7 Wk 7 Wk 7 Wk
NO
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11
Order at ballseed.com/webtrack • 800 879-BALL • fax 800 234-0370
Propagation GUIDE
Upon Arrival
Grow your best with Mums Tools and Resources
01 Inspect Open boxes immediately and inspect cuttings.
03 Mist • During the first 24 hours, apply sufficient mist after sticking to rehydrate cuttings until leaves are no longer limp. • After first 24 hours, use the minimum mist that will prevent wilting. 04 Light • During hot, high-light periods, reduce light intensity to 1,500-2,500 foot-candles (fc) during first 2 days to help rehydrate cuttings. • Night interruption lighting of 10 fc (100 lux) from 10 p.m.-2 a.m. is recommended to keep cuttings vegetative and reduce premature budding. 05 Fertilize • Feed 2-3 times per week, 1-3 days after stick, at 200 to 250 ppm N or use a constant liquid feed of 100 ppm N. • Monitor pH and EC (electrical conductivity of fertilizer salts) to maintain appropriate ranges of each for good plant growth.
02 Stick • Use well-drained media with good aeration and moisture retention. • Stick as soon as possible into moist media (4 on a 1-5 scale) and water in, so soil is in contact with stems. • Using bottom heat, maintain media temperature between 70-74˚F (21-23˚C). Air temperature of 70‑80˚F (21-26˚C) is important to prevent flower initiation during rooting.
12
Optional rooting hormone recommended for slow or harder-to-root varieties. If desired, spray 100 to 200 ppm KIBA on cuttings the morning after stick or conduct a pre-stick basal dip of 1,000 to 1,500 ppm IBA. When spraying with KIBA, apply enough volume to run down the stem. Treat in both directions to ensure uniform application on sides of cutting. Reduce mist as soon as possible, beginning with a reduction during the night and pre-dawn period. Once callus starts to form, apply only enough mist to wet foliage and slightly increase soil moisture. Saturated soil will slow rooting due to excess callus formation.
PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS Daminozide (B-Nine) can be applied at 1,000 to 2,500 ppm. Apply first application on Day 7 after stick to reduce stretch; an additional application can be made on Day 14. Ethephon (Florel, Collate) can be applied at 350 to 500 ppm during propagation at Day 10 and 17. Results vary and can help prevent premature budding.
08 Manage Diseases • Botrytis is a serious problem when excess humidity is present. A fungicide application within 48 hours of sticking provides excellent disease control and promotes more uniform rooting. • Application of a pre‑transplant soil drench to liners to manage Pythium and other soil-borne diseases can enhance rapid establishment in final containers. 09 Plant by Day 21 If you need to hold liners after finish, continue normal feeding practices and avoid drought stress to reduce the chance of premature budding.
Rooting Out to Finish
Nick Flax, Tech Team member, visiting with Luis Munoz, grower at Ball Tagawa
06 Discontinue Mist Discontinue mist after 10-14 days, when roots
reach containers’ edges/bottoms. 07 Maintain Light
High light intensity will produce high‑quality liners. Maintain 3,500-4,000 fc once roots begin to form.
13
Order at ballseed.com/webtrack • 800 879-BALL • fax 800 234-0370
Finishing GUIDE
Rooted Liners Keep trays of rooted cuttings in a greenhouse with a minimum temperature of 65°F (20°C). Low temperatures can trigger premature flowering. Fertilize liners prior to planting with 300-400 ppm from 20-10-20 (or similar) to ensure strong growth after transplant. Planting • A lighter, well drained media is recommended. • Media pH in a soilless mix should be 5.8-6.4, a mineral field soil-based mix 6.0-6.5. • Fertilize immediately with 300-400 ppm N from 20‑10‑20 (or similar) to encourage rapid establishment. • If outdoor temps are cool (50-59°F/10-15°C), start plants in a greenhouse with night temperatures maintained between 60-69°F (15-20°C), with 65°F/18°C being ideal. Low night temperatures at planting can promote premature flower initiation. Pinching Modern varieties do not require pinching in natural season fall crops.
Irrigation Drip irrigation reduces the chance of developing foliar diseases, making it the best choice when growing garden mums. • When irrigating, apply enough water to thoroughly wet the soil mass and allow water to drip from the container. Fertilization Mums are heavy feeders, and early feeding is critical for their strong growth. Regular growing media testing is the best guide to determine the optimum fertilization program. • If substrate EC is low when moderate-to-high fertilizer rates are being used, this indicates that plants are actively taking up nutrients. Only increase feed rate/frequency if plants show symptoms of nutrient deficiency. • If substrate EC is high, this indicates that plants are not actively taking up fertilizer. Reduce fertilizer rates or application frequency and check roots for damage or disease symptoms.
14
Do not stress . Avoid wilting or keeping too wet. Never allow the plant to wilt during the early stages of production. Wilting can limit growth and reduce the overall plant size. Manage irrigation carefully , allowing thorough wet-to-dry cycles between watering/feeding events, to encourage development of a healthy, white and fuzzy root system.
TRACK YOUR CROP It is important to keep your crop on schedule. Fortunately, mums are an easy crop to track. Graph a straight line between initial plant height and desired height at finish. Each week, measure 5 plants in the primary block. • If they are below the line, feed them or use GA 4+7 (gibberellic acid)- based PGR (Fascination, Fresco). • If they are above the line, use a PGR to slow them down.
Finish Height
Reduce Feed B-Nine or Bonzi
Feed, or apply Fascination
Week
Height Control & Growth Regulators Note: Initial trials with all growth regulators are recommended. Daminozide (B-Nine) • Daminozide (B-Nine) foliar spray applications control height and produce darker, greener leaves and strong stems. • Apply 2,500-5,000 ppm when breaks are 1-2 in. long, to tone the plant and reduce stretch. A second application can be made 2 weeks later. • Daminozide (B-Nine) application after visible bud will delay flowering. Weekly application of Daminozide (B-Nine) up to the time of breaking color will delay the flowering by 1 week. • In greenhouse-forced Summer crops, apply at 5,000 ppm, 14-21 days after pinching, to control more vigorous varieties. Paclobutrazol (Bonzi) • Paclobutrazol (Bonzi) drenches of 1-4 ppm can provide very effective growth control. Apply the correct volume so that stunting does not occur. • Early crop applications require less ppm than later applications to get the same level of control. • Paclobutrazol (Bonzi) can also be sprayed with rates ranging from 30-50 ppm.
Feeding with Water-Soluble Fertilizers (WSF) • Apply ammonia (NH 4 )-based fertilizers with elevated phosphorous (P; 20-10-20, 20-20-20) during early crop development (weeks 1-4) at a rate of 250-350 ppm N. Replenish fertility reserves in the growing media during periods of persistent rain with high doses (300+ ppm N) of WSF as soon as possible once the rains let up. • Once established, avoid overapplication of NH 4 and P, which will result in stretched plants and soft growth. • When plants are approximately two-thirds to three‑fourths of the desired finished size, switch to a nitrate (NO 3 )-based fertilizer with reduced P (17-5-17, 15‑4‑15, 14-0-14) to tone and minimize stretch.
Feeding with Controlled- Release Fertilizers (CRF) • Supplemental applications of WSF might be needed to maintain fertility levels. • During high temperatures, CRFs can release rapidly, causing salt levels to spike and damage roots.
15
Order at ballseed.com/webtrack • 800 879-BALL • fax 800 234-0370
FINISHING GUIDE cont.
Root Rots Healthy roots are the first line of defense against rootzone diseases. The loss of roots early in the crop will significantly limit nutrient loading and plant size later in the crop cycle. Saturated soil, extreme wet-dry cycles or high salt levels will damage the roots, making them more susceptible to disease infection. Failure to control root rot can result in stunted plants. Preventative treatment for Pythium and other root diseases is recommended every 4 weeks. Pests and Diseases Integrated pest management (IPM) is the best defense against pests and diseases that affect mums. Scout crops daily for signs of pests or pathogens when assessing daily watering and feeding needs and review weekly bug counts to assess changes in pressure over time. Preventative management, early detection and swift reaction to pest and disease presence will minimize risk and subsequent crop losses. Growers should also scout for foliar diseases, including bacterial leaf spot and botrytis. Chrysanthemum white rust (CWR) is a USDA quarantinable pathogen and preventative fungicides should be applied to crops grown in higher-risk areas. Media pH Track pH throughout production using a 2:1, SME or PourThru method. • Low pH can cause iron (Fe) and/or manganese (Mn) to become overly available to plants in the growing media. Plants will take up excessive amounts of both, resulting in Fe/Mn toxicity. Typical symptoms include discoloration, dark splotching and necrosis on older growth. Correct low pH using a flowable lime product and adjust feed program to include a more basic fertilizer to help buffer media pH changes. • High pH reduces availability of Fe and Mn and can result in deficiency symptoms, including chlorosis, stunting of young shoots and necrosis (in severe cases) on upper foliage.
Ethephon (Florel, Collate) Ethephon (Florel, Collate) can be used to promote branching, prevent premature budding and delay flowering. Apply early in the crop cycle at a rate of 300-500 ppm. Effectiveness varies by variety. • Spray early or late-day, as slow dry time maximizes uptake and response. • Use low alkalinity (<60 ppm) water or increase ethephon (Florel, Collate) rate. • Reduce spray solution to pH <4 before adding ethephon (Florel, Collate). • Don’t pour ethephon (Florel, Collate) directly into tank. Use a funnel or put ethephon (Florel, Collate) in bag and empty into tank. • “Sprench” to cover plants. Common Growing Issues Premature Budding & Crown Bud Formation Several occurrences of cool nights (colder than 60°F/15°C) in late Spring and early Summer can trigger premature bud formation. This is not desirable and can cause plants to finish too small. If small buds are visible in the early stages of production, plants usually can still develop normally. Premature bud set can be minimized by limiting stress, applying adequate fertilizer amounts (fertility levels should be high) and not allowing plants to wilt. Early applications of 500 ppm Ethephon (Florel, Collate) 1 week after planting or immediately prior to a cold front passing through your area can help minimize premature bud set by helping to promote vegetative growth but does not abort buds once formed. Heat Delay Average daily temperature dictates the rate of development of a crop, but high night temperatures can cause heat delay. When night temperatures exceed 85°F/30°C, flowering cannot be initiated. Heat delay can affect the bloom date by up to 3 weeks. Night temperatures from July 20 until August 5 are the most critical for natural season mums. Some varieties are more sensitive than others.
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Garden Mum Scheduling Natural Season
Natural Season Flower Timing NATURAL SEASON FLOWERING
AVERAGE NATURAL FLOWER DATE
Early
Before Sept. 18
Mid
Sept. 19 to 26
Late
Sept. 27 to Oct. 4
Very Late Oct. 5+ • Avoid planting all the flower timing classes in the same week for best crop uniformity Week 1: Plant the early varieties. Week 2: Plant the mid varieties. Week 3: Plant the late and very late varieties. • Chrysanthemums are short-day plants and will naturally initiate flowering in mid-July.
Natural Season Traditional Fall Transplanting Schedule
FINAL SPACING (ON CENTER)
POT SIZE PLANTS PER POT (PPP)
TRANSPLANT DATE
4”
1
Mid July
4 to 6”
6”
1
Early July
12 to 16”
Between first and fourth weeks of June
8 to 9”
1
18 to 24”
Plant 2 to 3 weeks later than 1PPP
8 to 9”
3
18 to 24”
Between first and fourth weeks of June
Approx 2x container diameter
12 to 16”
3 to 4
Fast Crop Fall Transplanting Schedule • Allows a later-than-normal start for a natural season program. • The key to a fast crop is to not inhibit the growth by stressing the plant in any way. Do not pinch. • Flowering will generally occur 4 to 7 days later than a June-planted crop. POT SIZE PLANTS PER POT (PPP) TRANSPLANT DATE
4”
1
Last week of July until August 12
6”
1
Mid July until late July
8 to 9”
2
July 10 until July 20
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Order at ballseed.com/webtrack • 800 879-BALL • fax 800 234-0370
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